average (29% use Jones, Hill, Pardini, & Meier, 2016), and men have been found to report higher vape-pen use than women ( Jones et al., 2016, Lee et al., 2016). Cannabis vape-pen use among college students appears higher than the national U.S. national surveys have found between 9.9%–39% of adults report ever using cannabis vape-pens ( Lee et al., 2016, Schauer et al., 2016). However, vape-pens are potentially appealing to cannabis users because of their less detectable odor and perception of reduced negative health effects compared to smoking cannabis ( Budney et al., 2015, Etter, 2015, Johnson et al., 2016, Malouff et al., 2014). Given lack of regulation, varying devices, and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) potencies of products, components within the vapor produced by cannabis vape-pens are not well understood and gauging how much THC is administered can be difficult ( Cranford et al., 2016, Douglas et al., 2015, Giroud et al., 2015). These devices are commercially available and the most popular design resembles e-cigarettes ( Brown and Cheng, 2014, Lee et al., 2016).
ARE WAX PENS WORTH IT PORTABLE
Several common portable electronic devices are used for vaping cannabis (i.e., “vape-pens”). cannabis vape-pens) may affect an individual's behavior, as theorized by the IBM, examining knowledge of cannabis vape-pen use may offer valuable insight to possible risk factors for subsequent use, and means of potential behavior change. Given that simply knowing about a device or a new way to use a substance (i.e. Specifically, as e-cigarette technology improves for nicotine, these same devices provide alternative means for cannabis use, such as through a cannabis vape-pen ( Brown and Cheng, 2014, Giroud et al., 2015). Prior research, although concerning electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) for nicotine rather than cannabis, explains that many young adults will likely try new technologies to administer substances. Knowledge of cannabis products has not been consistently shown to increase overall use, however it has been linked to increasing positive attitudes towards the substance, which can then lead to increased substance use ( Farrell, 2001). The IBM posits that even if one has a strong intention, they still need the requisite knowledge in order to carry out a behavior ( Montaño & Kasprzyk, 2015).Īs new cannabis routes of administration emerge, it is important to examine how knowledge of these methods may foster use ( Farrell, 2001, Ryan, 2009). salience of behavior, environment, habit, and knowledge Jaccard, Dodge, & Dittus, 2002). Specifically knowledge is theorized to affect an individual's behavior directly (i.e. The IBM utilizes these constructs but adds knowledge and personal beliefs as key constructs in predicting if someone will carry out a behavior or not.
These theories emphasize the importance of attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived control as having direct influence over one's intentions to perform a behavior. The Integrated Behavioral Model (IBM Montaño & Kasprzyk, 2015) is an extension of the Theory of Reasoned Action and the Theory of Planned Behavior ( Ajzen and Fishbein, 1980, Fishbein and Ajzen, 1977, Janz and Becker, 1984, Rosenstock, 1974). Perceived risk influences behavior change, and may be fostered by knowledge and personal beliefs ( Ryan, 2009). As use increases, perceptions of cannabis use may become more favorable ( Buckner, 2013) with lower perceived risks ( Budney, Sargent, & Lee, 2015).
Cannabis is the most commonly used illicit substance in the United States (U.S.) ( SAMHSA, 2014) and is increasing among young adults (18–25 year olds Gaher and Simons, 2007, Phillips et al., 2015, SAMHSA, 2014).
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